1. ULTRASOUND -IDENTIFIED FETAL BIRTH DEFECTS OF THE CURRENT PREGNANCY
When a birth defect is detected during an ultrasound examination, there is a higher risk for an associated defect of the fetal heart. Therefore, a fetal echocardiogram should be performed Abnormal cardiac screening examination; Abnormal heart rate or rhythm;
Minor: Increased nuchal translucency, Echogenic Bowel, Choroid Plexus cyst, Intracardiac Echogenic Focus
Variation: Single Umblical Artery
Major: Hydrops, Polyhydramnios, Oligohydramnios, any definitive congenital anomaly e.g. Diaphragmatic Hernia, renal or limb anomaly (including extra-fingers), Extracardiac anomaly
2. FAMILY HISTORY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
1. Previous child with CHD, new risk is 1 in 20 to 1 in 100
2. Mother has CHD, new risk is as high as 1 in 5 to 1 in 20
3. Previous two children with CHD, new risk is 1 in 10 to 1 in 20
4. Father has CHD, new risk 1 in 30
INDICATIONS
MOTHERS INDICATIONS
MOTHERS INDICATIONS
MOTHERS INDICATIONS
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Maternal Drug exposure and Disease
Pregnancy Associated Diseases
Increased Maternal Risk for Chromosomal Defects including Downs Syndrome
Other Rare Genetic Disease with Normal Karyotype
FETAL INDICATIONS
MOTHERS INDICATIONS
MOTHERS INDICATIONS
Monochoronic Twins
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Fetal Scan
Intracardiac Echogenic Focus (ICEF)
Extracardiac Anomalies
Cardiomegaly
Congenital Heart Disease
Rhythm Disturbances
Chromosomal Anomalies
Abnormal Fetal growth
Fetal Distress